Unexplained Infertility

What is unexplained infertility?

Unexplained infertility is a diagnosis given when standard infertility testing fails to identify a specific cause for a couple’s or a woman’s inability to conceive. It is often considered a non-diagnosis, as the underlying reason for infertility remains unknown. Estimates suggest that unexplained infertility accounts for approximately 15-30 percent of infertility cases, making it one of the leading causes of fertility challenges.

The variation in the estimated percentage of unexplained infertility arises from the lack of consensus among experts on what constitutes “standard infertility testing.” Testing protocols can vary based on individual circumstances and the preferences of the attending physician.

Unexplained infertility can affect both partners, and it can be frustrating as individuals are aware of the problem but lack a specific cause. However, it is worth noting that, in some cases, unexplained infertility may resolve spontaneously over time, similar to certain other conditions causing infertility.

Causes of unexplained infertility

Unexplained infertility poses a significant challenge as it is characterized by the absence of known causes for the inability to conceive. Individuals or couples who are otherwise fertile may be diagnosed with unexplained infertility if they have been unsuccessful in achieving pregnancy after one year of trying.

Some fertility physicians suggest that the tests conducted to assess infertility may have limitations, potentially leading to missed detection of subtle defects or underlying issues. Imperfect testing methods and the complexity of reproductive health contribute to the challenge of identifying specific causes.

While the exact causes for unexplained infertility remain elusive, several potential factors are frequently associated with this diagnosis. Ovulation problems, such as irregular or absent ovulation, can contribute to difficulties in conceiving. Poor egg quality, characterized by abnormalities or diminished reproductive potential, may also be a contributing factor. Similarly, poor sperm quality, including low sperm count, reduced motility, or abnormal morphology, can impact fertility outcomes.

Additionally, insufficient frequency of sexual intercourse or failure to time intercourse with ovulation can reduce the chances of conception. Problems with pelvic health, particularly involving the fallopian tubes or uterus, can hinder the fertilization process or proper implantation of a fertilized embryo.

Addressing unexplained infertility often requires a comprehensive approach, including lifestyle modifications, assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), fertility medications to optimize ovulation, and other interventions targeted at specific factors contributing to infertility. Consulting with experienced fertility specialists can provide valuable insights and guidance to navigate the complexities of unexplained infertility and increase the chances of successful conception.

Treatment for unexplained infertility

When facing unexplained infertility, treatment options aim to address the most likely causes despite the absence of a definitive diagnosis. Here are common treatments recommended for individuals or couples with unexplained infertility:

1. Intrauterine insemination (IUI): This procedure involves washing and concentrating sperm before directly placing it into the woman’s uterus during ovulation. IUI can improve the chances of sperm reaching the fallopian tubes and fertilizing an egg.
2. Clomid: Clomid, a medication, stimulates ovulation by encouraging the release of multiple eggs per month instead of just one. Fertility specialists often combine Clomid with IUI to enhance the chances of successful conception.
3. Timed sexual intercourse: Couples or individuals with unexplained infertility are provided guidance on timing sexual intercourse to align with the woman’s ovulation period. Regular sexual activity throughout the cycle is also encouraged.
4. Injectable gonadotropins: Gonadotropin medications contain hormones that stimulate egg production in women and can address low sperm count in men. This treatment is often combined with IUI, leading to improved success rates for unexplained infertility cases.
5. Lifestyle changes: Women diagnosed with unexplained infertility are advised to refrain from smoking, limit alcohol and caffeine consumption, and maintain a healthy weight—all of which can positively impact fertility. Men are encouraged to avoid obesity as well. Exploring holistic fertility approaches can also be beneficial.
6. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment: IVF is the most effective and affordable treatment for unexplained infertility. It involves combining eggs and sperm in a laboratory setting, followed by transferring the resulting embryos into the woman’s uterus. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used during IVF to assist with fertilization. IVF is typically considered when other treatment options have been unsuccessful.

By consulting with fertility specialists, individuals or couples can receive personalized recommendations regarding the most suitable treatment for unexplained infertility, increasing the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy.